Nath Seeds

	Are there any other biotech traits in cotton?
	Yes. Some cotton has been improved to resist herbicide that controls a broad spectrum of weeds.

	Does Bt cotton provide economic benefits to farmers?
	Definitely because it saves expenditure on bollworm control which otherwise incurred high cost of cultivation.

	Will insects develop resistance to Bt cotton?
	Yes. But, it can be delayed by adopting appropriate insect resistance management plans, such as planting of refugia surrounding Bt cotton.

	Are Bt cotton tested for safety?
	Yes. There are no side effects or harmful effects of Bt cotton on other living organisms.

	Is Bt cotton safe for soil organisms as the cotton plants degrade after harvest?
	Impacts of Bt proteins have been investigated on a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, including earthworms, collembola, daphnids, insect predators and parasites, spiders and honey bees. Even though test populations were exposed to levels 500 to 1,000 times greater than concentrations measured in the field, in most cases no adverse effects were observed.

	Can Bt cotton be harmful to desirable insects that feed on cotton pests?
	No. The protein is effective only against the caterpillars of lepidopteran insects (moths). It is not harmful to ladybugs, lacewings, spiders or other arthropods.

	Is Bt cotton harmful to all insects?
	No. The protein in Bt cotton is effective only against the larval form (caterpillars) of certain moths. Specifically, it targets bollworms and budworms that feed on cotton. Susceptible insects have a receptor in their gut to which the Bt protein attaches. The receptor is not present in mammals, birds, fish and most other forms of insects.

	Does Bt cotton offer benefits to farmers in developing countries?
	Yes, insect protected cotton is especially important in developing countries where small farmers may have less access to machinery and crop inputs, or must apply pesticides with hand sprayers under difficult conditions. Chinese farmers who used Bt cotton applied 80 percent less insecticide than farmers who planted non-Bt varieties.

	Is Bt cotton widely planted by farmers?
	cotton was introduced in 2002 in India and within 7-8 years span it covers almost more than 90% area.

	Why do farmers have to spray at all if Bt cotton controls insects?
	The current variety of insect protected cotton is more than 90 percent effective against the most important cotton pests - cotton bollworms. It is not effective against sucking pests, such as Jassids, Aphids, Whitefly, Thrips etc. If they are present at a high rate, farmers must spray.

	How does Bt cotton reduce the need for spraying?
	Bt cotton contains a protein taken from a bacterium known as Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt. Bt is a natural insecticide that has been used in spray or powder form for many years, especially by organic farmers. When it is introduced into the cotton plant through biotechnology, insects that feed on the plant quit eating and dies.

	How does Bt cotton assist farmers?
	Bt cotton allows farmers to spray less without sacrificing insect control, which saves time and money.

Is there any special care required for Fusion Bt hybrid cultivation?

Not really. However, precaution must be taken to sow the right Fusion Bt hybrid under appropriate cultivation practices as follows. Hybrid Name Suitability Express (NCEH-14) Heavy and medium soil with irrigated or protective irrigated cultivation. Arjun-21 (NCEH-21) Light, Medium & Heavy soil; Rainfed cultivation Jagannath-2 (NCEH-34) Medium & Heavy soil; Irrigated cultivation Chitra (NCEH-13) Heavy and medium soil with irrigated or protective irrigated cultivation. Nath Baba (NCEH-3 R) Light, Medium & Heavy soil; Rainfed cultivation Vishwanath (NCEH-2 R) Heavy and medium soil with irrigated or protective irrigated cultivation. Bharti (NCEH-6) Medium & Heavy soil; Irrigated cultivation

What are Nath’s Fusion Bt products?

Zone wise Nath has following Fusion Bt products. North Zone (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan): Bharti (NCEH-6), Yuvraj (NCEH-31) and NCEH-26 Central Zone (Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh): Vishwanath (NCEH-2 R), Nath Baba (NCEH-3 R), Express (NCEH-14), Arjun-21 (NCEH-21), Jagannath-2 (NCEH-34) and Kashinath Bt (H x B) South Zone (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu): Vishwanath (NCEH-2 R), Nath Baba (NCEH-3 R), Jagannath-2 (NCEH-34), Chitra (NCEH-13) and Kashinath Bt (H x B)

	What is Lalya and whether Fusion Bt products protect the crop from Lalya?
	is a complex phenomenon. It occurs due to nutritional deficiency, heavy attack of sucking pests, especially Jassids and aging of the crop. As per our experience for last 4-5 years most of the Bt cotton hybrids were seriously damaged due to Lalya. However, Lalya was not found on Fusion Bt hybrids.

	Why farmer should prefer Fusion Bt?
	The reasons are obvious. Fusion Bt provides enhanced and extended protection to the cotton crop which is the need of Indian circumstances and cotton cultivation. Therefore, it is liked by cotton growers in various states of India.

	Which GM crops are available in India?
	At present only Bt Cotton is grown commercially in India. Research is being carried out on rice, chickpea, tomato, potato, tobacco, rapeseed, mustard, brinjal, cauliflower, chilli, bell pepper, banana, cabbage, muskmelon, blackgram, coffee, pigeonpea, wheat, citrus fruits and groundnut.

	What is a GM Crop?
	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are produced by genetic engineering. In these plants a foreign gene is introduced, that is, a gene alien to the plant species. This creates plants that can never be created naturally. For example, fish genes can be introduced into tomatoes or pig genes can be inserted into rice.

How Fusion Bt technology different than Bollgard technology?

Fusion Bt technology has been developed in China and has been brought in India by Nath Biogene (I) Ltd., Aurangabad. It combines the effective characters of two genes together hence the name Fusion Bt. It provided the protection to cotton crop from the attack of three types of bollworms and the attack of Spodoptera commonly called as Tobacco worm / Army worm. The protection provided is for over 140 days which is the longest duration of protection when compared to other technology.

	What is Bt Cotton?
	Bt Cotton is a genetically modified cotton plant. It contains the Bt gene. The Bt gene is taken from a soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, it triggers production of a poison within the plant that kills the insect pests, bollworms, attacking the plant; the Bt plant in other words, is a pesticide producing plant.

	What are the normal spacing of Maize Hybrids?
	60x25 cm(26000 population) for medium maturity hybrid and 60x20cm.(33000 population) for single cross hybrid.

	What is the seed rate of NBIL Maize hybrid?
	8-10 Kg. /ac.

	What is the protection from serious insect pests?
	Stem borer is a serious problem in Maize. 1-2 Spray(15 & 25 DAS) of Endosulfan and in 30-35DAS Furadon 3G application in leaf whorls will control.

	What are the protection measures against the common diseases in maize?
	Turcicum leaf blight, Maydis leaf blight and Downy mildew are common , for this Two spray (25 & 45 DAS) of Bavistin to control blight and one spray (35DAS) of Ridomil .

What are the Maize Hybrids available with NBIL?

NBIL HYBRID MATURITY MAIN FEATURE REMARKS DON 1588 MEDIUM MATURITY(100-105DAYS) SUITABLE FOR RAINFED AS WELL AS IRRIGATED AREAS LONG EAR, ATTRACTIVE ORANGE YELLOW SEMI FLINT GRAIN BIG BOSS FULL SEASON HIGH INPUT(110-120 DAYS) SUITABLE FOR IRRIGATED HIGH MANAGEMENT SINGLE CROSS, HIGH YIELD (35-40qtl/ac.) NWMH 2002 MEDIUM MATURITY,WHITE GRAIN(100-105 DAYS) SUITABLE IN NORTH IN SPRING AS WELL AS KHARIF WITHSTAND HIGH TEMPERATURE , LONG EAR , CAN GO IN GREEN COB MARKET DOMINATOR 365 EARLY MATURITY(85-90 DAYS)

	What type of Hybrids are available in Maize?
	Early Maturity, Medium Maturity and Full Season Maturity with high input responsive.

	Can we use the seed of hybrid second time?
	No, we can not use because the seed looses their heterotic effect which leads to reduction in the yield.

	When the crop should be harvested?
	For fodder the crop should be harvested at the time of flowering. For grain harvesting of the crop should be done when husk cover gets dried and loose.

	What are the measures to avoid losses due to termites?
	At the time of last ploughing of the field lindane dust or chloro phyriphos dust should be applied in the soil at the rate of 20-25 kg/ha.

	What are reasons of low germination in maize?
	There are various reasons for it like low germination percentage of seed, Lack of moisture in the field at the time of sowing, sowing of seed at a high depth and lack of drainage.

	What is the importance of seed treatment and low it should be done?
	Thiram or captan should be used @ of 2-3 gms/kg of seed for seed treatment which protects the seed from seed borne and soil borne diseases.

	When maize should be irrigated?
	Normally maize does not need irrigation but if need be irrigation should be done at critical stages of the growth i.e. Young seedlings,knee high stage,at the time of tasseling and grain filling.

	What are the precautions to be taken at the time of top dressing of nitrogen?
	While top dressing nitrogen, field should be free from weeds, soil should have sufficient moisture and the leaves should be avoided from fertilizer.

Why nitrogen is applied in split doses while Phosphorus and Potash is applied at single time?

Nitrogenerous fertilizer are movable means they are available to the plants immediately after their application, they are volatile once they are dissolved in the water and more over they are also decomposed by the soil bacteria therefore application of nitrogen at intervals saves losses of nitrogen. This dose not holds true with Phosptiatic and Potassic fertilizers and therefore they are not lost. Therefore these are applied as basal dose.

	When and how the fertilizer should be applied?
	Total quantity of Phosphorus and Potash and one half of the nitrogen should be applied as basal dose at the time of sowing while rest one half dose of nitrogen should be applied in two split doses. One after 30-40 days of sowing and other at the time if tasseling.

	What quantity of fertilizers and manures should be used?
	For getting the maximum yield 8-10 tons of well rotten FYM or compost should be used at least once in two years. The fertilizer should be applied at the rate of 135-140Kg.N,80 Kg. P2O5 , 80Kg.K2 O & 25 Kg.Zinc/Ha.,on the basis soil test and kind and maturity duration of the crop.

	What quantity of fertilizers and manures should be used?
	For getting the maximum yield 8-10 tons of well rotten FYM or compost should be used at least once in two years. The fertilizer should be applied at the rate of 135-140Kg.N,80 Kg. P2O5 , 80Kg.K2 O & 25 Kg.Zinc/Ha.,on the basis soil test and kind and maturity duration of the crop.

	What are the advantages of balanced fertilizer application?
	Use of balanced fertilizer results in good growth of crop, disease incidence is less, grains are healthy and yield is higher. It also maintains fertility of the soil.

	What kind of soil is suited for maize cultivation?
	The crop requires loam soil with good aeration for proper growth of the plants, which should be coupled with good drainage system. What ever is the soil, if drainage is not proper than the crop will suffer a lot.

	What is the proper method of field preparation for maize cultivation?
	Maize is grown in Kharif, Rabi and spring seasons. Under irrigated conditions this can be grown in Rabi and summer season. Field can be prepared by two ploughing followed by leveling. Field should not have coarse soil and proper moisture in the soil is necessary for good germination.

	which vareits will be suitable for seed production?
	PHB-71, Proagro-6444, 6129, Gorakhnath-509 and Loknath-510 are very popular Hybrid Rice Seeds in India. If the farmers are need looking for very good best cooking quality, definitely Gorakhnath-509 should be the First choice.

	Are there any basmati type hybrids in the market?
	Yes, Pusa RH-10 is the first superfine grained basmati type aromatic hybrid developed at IARI, Pusa, New Delhi and released for commercial cultivation. It gives 40% higher yield than Pusa Basmati-1 with comparable grain quality characteristics. Few private sector seed companies are also developing aromatic hybrids.

	Is it possible to further increase the level of heterosis? If so, what are the approaches being followed?
	Yes, it is possible to enhance the level of heterosis from the presently attained 10-15% to 20-25%, over the yield of high yielding varieties. The approaches to further enhance the magnitude of heterosis are (i) Use of improved and diverse parental lines, (ii) Two-line heterosis breeding and (iii) Development of indica/tropical japonica hybrids. The last approach is gaining a lot of attention.

	Are there any two-line hybrids available for cultivation in India?
	No, not yet. Several two line experimental hybrids are being evaluated and a lot of R & D work is in progress. Work on two-line hybrids is being done at DRR, Hyderabad, GBPUAT, Pantnagar and TNAU, Coimbatore; in addition to the very intensive work in the private sector.

What are three-line and two-line hybrids?

Three-line hybrids are developed by utilizing three parental lines viz., CMS line (or A line), Maintainer line (or B line) and Restorer line (or R line). The three-line system utilizes cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility for large scale hybrid seed production. The two-line hybrids are developed by utilizing two parental lines viz. Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line used as female parent and any other rice genotype as the male parent. The TGMS lines are sterile at higher temperatures. The same lines are fertile at lower temperatures. Therefore, TGMS lines are used as female parent under higher temperatures to produce the hybrid seed. TGMS lines are multiplied by growing them under lower temperature conditions. The two-line system utilizes Environment Sensitive Genic Male Sterility (EGMS) for hybrid seed production.

What is the cost of hybrid seed? Can it be reduced?

Cost of hybrid rice seed per kilogram, at present, ranges from Rs. 150/- to Rs.200/- depending upon the product, agency which is producing and marketing. In general, cost of seed from public seed agencies is lower than that of private sector seed companies. With the current efforts to increase seed yield and optimize input costs, the seed cost can be further reduced. There is also a need to strengthen the public sector seed production system to create a healthy competition between public and private seed sectors.

	Whether hybrids are always superior to varieties?
	Not in all the cases. Hybrids are not always superior to varieties. Not all the hybrids are heterotic. Hence, the experimental hybrids developed are critically evaluated along with check or standard varieties, in a series of trials to identify those hybrids which are superior to the presently cultivated varieties in respect of yield and other desired characteristics.

	What about the cooking quality of hybrids?
	In most of the presently available hybrids, cooked rice is slightly sticky, as the CMS line used in these hybrids is IR 58025A, which has lower amylase content. However, this problem is being overcome by using other promising CMS lines having intermediate amylose content. Few such hybrids with non-sticky cooked rice, have already been developed and are being evaluated.

	Can the millers differentiate between the produce from hybrids and OP varieties?
	No. The produce from hybrids is similar to the produce of the varieties. It is difficult to differentiate on visual basis alone, unless it is specifically mentioned.

Whether market price is the same for Paddy production from OP varieties and hybrids?

At present, in Northern India, sale price is the same for paddy produced from hybrids and varieties. In fact, in certain cases, hybrids were offered slightly higher price because of presence of mild aroma in them. Our (NBIL) hybrid (loknath-510) is fetching good price in the market due to long slender grains and good cooking quality. However, in Southern India, produce from the hybrids is offered slightly lesser price by the millers, as there is preference for medium-slender grain in this region. In due course, with the availability of hybrids with medium-slender grains, this disparity in pricing may be reduced.

What are the potential areas for hybrid rice cultivation in India?

Presently rice hybrids have been developed in India primarily for irrigated ecosystem. More than 20 million hectares (50% of total rice area) are plated under assured irrigation. Looking at the progress of hybrid rice research so far and current focus on development of hybrids with regional consumer preferences, and inbuilt resistance to major pests and diseases of the target area, it is likely that hybrids will occupy about 10 m. ha in irrigated and favorable rain fed lowland ecosystems during the next decade and half.

	Which is the state having maximum area under hybrid rice?
	Uttar Pradesh is having maximum area (80,000 ha) under hybrid rice. The other hybrid rice growing states are Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa. Cultivation of hybrid rice is picking up now in some of the north-eastern states of India.

Which are the released hybrids available for cultivation?

Though 43 hybrids have been released so far, not all of them are under large-scale cultivation. On the other hand, several hybrids of rice (8-10) though not released by any Central or State government, have gained Substantial popularity and are in demand. Hybrids Following is the list of NBIL Hybrid Rice Products Loknath-510 Ø Seed rate 4-6 kg/acre Ø Seed soaked 16-18 hrs in water, after that stored in Jute bags (24 hrs) for germination Ø A thin and sparse nursery is raised; seed rate of 15-20 gm/m2 of seed bed. Ø Fertilizer use in the nursery: 1.5 kg urea, 900 gram DAP and 900 gram MOP/100 M2 Ø One kg urea should be applied about 10 days before transplanting Ø 21-25 days old seedlings are suitable for transplanting; spacing: 15 x 15cm, 20 x 15cm Ø Nitrogen: 100-120 kg/ha (based on soil fertility) to be give in four splits Ø Phosphorus & Potassium- 60:60 kg/ha. Potash to be give in two splits Ø Planting of single seedling per hill having 3-5 tillers is recommended. Ø Sowing time in Kharif: 15 May to 15 June; and Rabi: 15 November to 15 December Ø Recommended regions for cultivation of this hybrid: UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and West Bengal

In which countries hybrid rice is grown on a large-scale ?

China is the pioneer in development and large-scale use of hybrid rice. First commercial rice hybrids in China were released in 1976. More than 15 million hectares, out of the total rice area of 32 million hectares is cultivated with hybrid rice. During the last 28 years, more than 300 million tons of additional rice was produced in China, as a result of large scale adoption of hybrid rice, besides reducing the rice area from 36 to 32 million hectares. In addition to China, hybrid rice is cultivated in Vietnam, India, Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Egypt on a limited scale.

Why hybrid rice is needed for India?

Rice is the staple food of India. Self sufficiency in rice production was achieved in India during 1980s, as a result of large scale adoption of semi-dwarf high yielding varieties and associated management technologies. During the last three decades, yield of the high yielding varieties has touched a plateau. To sustain food sufficiency, additional production of 1.5 million tons of rice is needed every year. To achieve this targeted production, among the limited options, hybrid rice is one of the most feasible and practically adoptable approach, as hybrids give 1.0-1.5 t/ha (15 to 20%) additional yield.

	What is hybrid rice?
	Hybrid rice is first generation (F1) crop grown from the seed obtained by crossing two genetically different rice varieties. Hybrids combine desirable qualities from both the parents. Generally, hybrids are more vigorous and high yielding as compared to their parental lines as well as commonly grown high yielding varieties.

	Which are the most important diseases and pests on tomato crop?
	The most important diseases on tomato crop are: Viral (Tomato leaf curl Virus, Tomato spotted wilt Virus) Bacterial (Bacterial Wilt) and Fungal (Fusarium wilt, Damping off, Powdery mildew, Leaf spot, Buck eye rot) The most important pests on tomato crop are Fruit borer, Leaf minor, Root knot nematodes

	Why staking is necessary to grow tomato crop?
	Staking is necessary to get high marketable yield. If the fruit touches the ground it may get rotten. Staking also helps in crop management like irrigation, weeding, spraying and harvesting.

	What is the optimum spacing followed in Tomato?
	The optimum spacing followed in tomato. Hybrids 90 cm X 45 cm

	What is the optimum fertilizer requirement per hectare area?
	For hybrids optimum fertilizer requirement is180: 150: 120 kg / ha and for varieties it is120: 80: 150 kg / ha

	What is the optimum seed requirement per hectare area?
	For Hybrids optimum seed rate is 150 g/ ha and for varieties it is 250 g/ ha.

What are the important hybrids available in tomato?

Hybrids marketed by several Companies are available presently in the market. It will be ideal to go through the catalogues or web-sites of such companies to decide the suitable variety/ies. The important hybrids available in tomato are: Asha (F1 hybrid, Source: JK Seeds), Avinash – 2 (Syngenta), Abhinav (Syngenta), Mrithunjaya-2 (Seminis) , Lakshmi / Nun 5005(Nunhems), US 618 (US agri seeds), NS 2535(Namdhari seeds), Samrat (Namdhari seeds), Utsav (Namdhari seeds) Vaibhav (Namdhari seeds)- NTH 671 ( Nath Biogenes). High yield & good quality hybrids

	What are the major segments in tomato?
	High firm segment having long shelf life and long distance transportability. The hybrids in this segment are generally resistant to ToLCV and Heat tolerance Desi round segment is liked for its sour taste and has heat tolerance

	What is the important season for growing tomato?
	October – November is the best season followed by June- July & March- April for growing tomato. Heat tolerance and tomato leaf curl virus resistance will be important for summer cultivation.

	What is the most serious pest of brinjal?
	The most serious pest of Brinjal is shoot & fruit borer. To control this pest follow the integrated pest management practices.

	What is the most devastating disease of brinjal?
	The most devastating disease of Brinjal is Bacterial wilt (BW). To prevent BW, Grow resistant varieties / F1 hybrids and crop rotation with crops other than solanaceous plants. Application of bleaching powder ( 25 kg / ha ) will stop further spread of the disease.

	What is the optimum fertilizer dose?
	The optimum fertilizer dose for hybrids is 80: 150: 120 kgs / ha & for OPV it is 120 : 80 : 150 kgs / ha

	What is the optimum spacing followed in Brinjal?
	The optimum spacing followed in Brinjal. For hybrids is 90 cm X 60 cm and for open pollinated varieties it is 90 cm X 50 cm

	What is the optimum seed rate per hectare?
	The Optimum seed rate for hybrids is 150 – 200 g / ha and for open pollinated varieties it is 250 – 300 g / ha

What are the important hybrids of brinjal available for cultivation?

Hybrids marketed by several Companies are available presently in the market. It will be ideal to go through the catalogues or web-sites of such companies to decide the suitable variety/ies. Important hybrids: MEBH-9 (green long from MAHYCO), Kalpatharu (Manjarigota type from MAHYCO), APSARA (Manjarigota type from Namdhari seeds), Manjari (Manjarigota type, from Seminis), NBH 13 (Manjarigota type from Nath Bio-genes) Vijay (Purple white green variegated from Ankur seeds) NISHA (Deep purple oblong fruits from Namdhari seeds), NS 509 (Purple/ Variegated medium round from Namdhari seeds), SUFAL: (Purple oblong big fruit, IndoAmerican seeds) Navkiran (Bharta type, Sungrow seeds), PK 123 (Purple long, Sungrow seeds), Khanhahya (Bharta type, Sungrow Seeds),

	What are the important seasons for growing Brinjal crop?
	Brinjal can be grown throughout the year however; there are three important growing seasons viz, June – July, October,– November, & January – February planting.

	What is the major pests and diseases of Chilli crop?
	The most important diseases of Chilli are is Bacterial wilt (BW). To prevent BW, Grow resistant varieties / F1 hybrids and crop rotation with crops other than solanaceous plants. Application of bleaching powder ( 25 kg / ha ) will stop further spread of the disease.

	Which are the most important diseases and pests on Chilli crop?
	The most important diseases on chilli crop are: Viral (CMV and CVMV Virus) Fungal (Fusarium wilt, Damping off, Powdery mildew) The most important pests on Chilli crop are Thrips and mites

	Where ever water stagnation is there, chilli plants are wilting. What measures to be taken to avoid this?
	Firstly, land should be prepared in such a way that no water gets stagnated. Proper drainage facility should be given. Wherever water stagnates, remove the excess water and spray 2% urea. Spray 2g/l. COC and 1 g streptocycline to the plants. Apply 30 kg nitrogen and 15 kg potash to the soil.

	Chilli plants are wilting and drying in patches, what is to be done?
	Opening drainage channels should ensure proper drainage. The soil should be drenched with Kavach @ 2g/ l. of water.

	In chilli, flowers and immature fruits turn yellow and drop. Fruit are not straight (C-shape). What is this?
	This is due to gall midge. To control it effectively spray trizophos @ 1.25 ml/ l. of water and after a week spray with chloropyriphos @ 2 ml/ l.of water.

	In chilli crop, upward leaf curl and downward leaf curl are serious problems. Please suggest effective control measures.
	Excess nitrogen application should be stopped, as it increases leaf curl. Do not use excess carbaryl, acephate and synthetic pyrethroids. While spraying the pesticides lower parts of leaves should be sprayed uniformly. To control upward leaf curl spray Fepronil @ 2 ml/l. of water and for downward leaf curl spray dicophol @ 5 ml/ l. of water.

	What is the optimum fertilizer dose?
	The optimum fertilizer dose for hybrids is 150: 125: 75

	What is the optimum spacing followed in Chilli?
	The optimum spacing followed in Chilli is Row to Row -75cm and Plant to Plant – 60cm.

	What is the optimum seed rate per hectare?
	The Optimum seed rate for hybrids is 250 g / ha

	What are the important varieties / hybrids of Chilli available for cultivation?
	Hybrids marketed by several Companies are available presently in the market. It will be ideal to go through the catalogues or web-sites of such companies to decide the suitable variety/ies.

	What are the important seasons for growing Chilli Crop?
	Chilli is grown throughout the year however; there are two important growing seasons viz, May - June, August,– September planting.

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